The Russian Empire, being a huge centralized state, tended to give general (common) names to different ethnicities who might seem similar to Russians, though, indeed, they differed from each other in many ways. The Soviet Union, its successor, having continued to follow this approach, began to provide a unified educational, cultural, and socio-poli

However, the Russian tsarist administration did not cease attempting to support the claims of Abulkhair’s heirs to power over at least some tribes or tribal groups of the Alshyns (West Kazakhs). In 1801, Emperor Paul I allowed Bukey, Nuraly’s brother, to move to the area that lay between the rivers Ural and Volga with those who agreed to be his

claimed the khanate. But soon, out of fear of Nadir Shah, he left Khiva. But in the spring of 1741, his son Nuraly made a campaign against Khiva and seized the khan’s throne. From that time until 1770, the Khivan Khanate was ruled by representatives of two branches of the Genghisids associated with the Junior Zhuz, the dynasties of Abulkhair and

And if to call things by their proper names, it (that task in the interests of Russia) seems to have consisted, among other things, of achieving the loyalty of the Junior Zhuz and gaining power over the territory of modern Western Kazakhstan through which the shortest route to the Khiva Khanate (and from there to India via Afghanistan) ran. The pre

But choosing this kind of way would mean the emergence of a need for a single ruler to confirm negotiability. That is probably what led the Alshyn people, who were part of the Nogai Horde, which, after 1634, in what is now Western Kazakhstan, was left without a single political authority that had previously been personified by the Nogai supreme rul